Explainers

The EU has adopted sanctions targeting individuals and entities responsible for human rights abuses and violations in Russia.

The EU has adopted sanctions targeting individuals and entities responsible for hybrid threats and campaigns against the EU and its member states.

The EU is Ukraine's largest trading partner and its largest investor. Since the start of Russia's war of aggression, the EU has supported Ukraine's economy, including through targeted trade measures.

The Ukraine Facility is an EU instrument providing Ukraine with up to €50 billion in loans and grants to help its recovery, reconstruction and modernisation.

The EU has provided emergency assistance to Ukraine and its people since the start of Russia's full-scale invasion. The EU and its 27 member states together are the biggest donor of humanitarian aid to Ukraine.

The EU has taken a number of measures to support the prosecution of Russia’s international crimes committed in and against Ukraine and to ensure that Ukraine and its people receive war reparations.

In the face of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, the EU has taken a number of initiatives to support Ukraine’s energy security, as well as the country’s transport and connectivity sectors.

The EU has imposed extensive sanctions against Belarus in response to human rights abuses, Belarus' support for Russia's war against Ukraine, and its hybrid attacks against the EU.

The EU stands in support of the Belarusian people. It condemns human rights abuses in Belarus, Belarus' hybrid attacks against the EU and its involvement in Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine.

Georgia applied for EU membership in March 2022 and was granted candidate status in December 2023. The accession process came to a de facto halt in 2024. The EU and Georgia also cooperate in the context of the Eastern Partnership.