Explainers

The EU and its member states work together to prevent, counter and respond to hybrid threats and campaigns affecting Europe and its citizens. 

Find out more about the gas storage capacity of EU member states and the filling levels of underground gas reserves in the EU.

The EU's industrial policy aims to strengthen the competitiveness of EU industry and to promote a more sustainable, resilient and digitalised economy that creates jobs.

Find out more about which sources are used to generate electricity in the EU and how the price of electricity is set based on the merit order principle.

EU countries are working to fight climate change and achieve climate neutrality by 2050.

New EU rules on work-life balance for parents and carers aim to provide more equal opportunities for women and men in the workplace and at home.

To help break the glass ceiling, the EU has adopted new rules to improve gender balance among the directors of listed companies.

The EU has made significant advances in gender equality through legislation, empowerment initiatives, and increased participation in the workforce.

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine caused severe spikes in energy prices across the EU in 2022. To avoid price shocks in the future, the EU reshaped its electricity market in 2024.

Find out how the new rules on critical raw materials will enable the EU to diversify its sources of imports and increase extraction, processing and recycling in member states.