Explainers

The pharma package updates the current rules on medicines to better meet patient needs and support competition and innovation.

Revised rules should ensure adequate standards of living and comparable living conditions and help reduce secondary movements for all applicants in all EU member states.

The digital euro would be a digital form of central bank money, issued by the European Central Bank, for retail use alongside physical cash.

The EU and its member states have taken a number of measures to address the migration situation on the Eastern Mediterranean route and to support refugees in Türkiye.

The European defence industry programme (EDIP) is one of the many initiatives the EU has taken to boost its defence readiness and enhance Europe's defence industry in light of an evolving security landscape.

Healthy forests are vital for people and the environment. EU rules aim to reduce global deforestation by regulating imports and exports of goods whose production contributes to the loss of forests worldwide.

Every EU citizen enjoys the same fundamental rights based on the values of equality, non-discrimination, human dignity, freedom and democracy. These rights are secured and set out in EU treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights.

The EU aims to further develop its financial and capital markets to meet its economic needs, promote innovation and improve access to funding.

Moving freely in the EU will become easier for people with disabilities. A European disability card and a parking card will ease access to their rights and to preferential conditions in all EU countries.

The treaty introduced changes like recognising the European Council as an EU institution, creating an EU diplomatic service and modernising law-making.