Explainers

A snapshot of how the EU changed in 2004 when 10 countries joined, and the economic growth that followed. Discover more in our infographic

The EU is Türkiye’s top trading partner.

Sanctions are an instrument to prevent conflict or respond to emerging or current crises, and to promote peace, democracy, respect for the rule of law, human rights and international law.

Decisions and regulations on sanctions are adopted by the Council of the EU by unanimity. EU sanctions apply within the jurisdiction of the EU.

Improving the energy performance of buildings is key to reach the EU's climate goals. By 2050, buildings in the EU should be zero-emission.

The industrial emissions directive covers 50 000 large industrial and livestock plants in EU countries to limit pollution.

Which countries can issue Schengen visas? Which countries are part of the Schengen area?

Environmental crime is one of the world’s most profitable organised criminal activities, and has a major impact not only on the environment, but also on human health.

Discover how the EU is making your digital environment safe, easy and respectful of basic freedoms.

Find out how the EU will scale up its manufacturing of clean technologies, and accelerate progress towards the transition to climate neutrality.