Explainers

The EU can impose sanctions to deter and respond to cyber-attacks which constitute an external threat to the EU or its member states.

The EU is working to create a safe, sustainable, and competitive air transport sector.

The EU has adopted sanctions targeting individuals and entities responsible for human rights abuses and violations in Russia.

The EU has adopted sanctions targeting individuals and entities responsible for hybrid threats and campaigns against the EU and its member states.

The EU protects the rights of air passengers. Rules for air passenger rights have been updated to make them clearer and increase protection.

The European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) has the power to investigate, prosecute and bring to judgment crimes against the EU budget.

Authorities across the EU share information through large-scale IT systems to protect citizens, fight crime, and secure borders.

The European Union and its member states are among the leading donors of humanitarian aid in the world, including to the Palestinian people, aiming to save lives, prevent and alleviate human suffering and maintain human dignity. Since 1992, the EU's budget has supported humanitarian efforts in more than 110 countries, benefiting millions of people every year.

The excessive deficit procedure aims to ensure that all member states maintain low government debt or reduce high debt to sustainable levels.

The recovery and resilience facility (RRF) is the bulk of Next Generation EU. It is a temporary instrument that provides grants and loans to support reforms and investments in the EU member states.