Explainers

The main sources of revenue for the 2021-2027 budget are member states’ contributions based on their gross national income, value added tax-based resources and custom duties.

The EU has defined a number of basic rights to protect consumers when they use financial products and services, for example when opening a bank account, transferring money, making an investment, taking out a mortgage loan or a consumer credit or setting up a pension plan.

Nature is our lifeline, yet it is deteriorating. The EU nature restoration law sets the first ever binding targets to restore ecosystems, habitats and species.

The European Union is the world’s largest trade bloc in terms of goods and services combined, accounting in 2024 for an estimated 15.8% of world trade.

The EU and Indonesia are working on two agreements in parallel to further deepen their trade and investment relations.

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement aims to ensure that Iran's nuclear programme will be exclusively peaceful. It lays down the timeline and arrangements for the lifting of nuclear-related sanctions against Iran.

Which countries in the EU have terminals to import liquefied natural gas (LNG)?

The European Research Area aims to create a single EU market for research, innovation and technology. It encourages the free circulation of researchers and knowledge, and helps align national research policies and programmes.

The Strategic Compass provides guidance and a common vision for strengthening the EU's security and defence policy by 2030.  

EU relations with Azerbaijan are based on the EU-Azerbaijan Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, in force since 1999. The EU is the main investor in Azerbaijan and its largest trade partner.